More wrote that this King is loved and compared Henrys accession to the coming of a new season, a new spring following a winter of repression. But he leaves us wondering how Henry got away with it. His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. Coinage of Henry VII of England | Mintage World Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! An ally of Henry's, Viscount Jean du Qulennec[fr], soon arrived, bringing news that Francis had recovered, and in the confusion Henry was able to flee to a monastery. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. Early life In turn, Antwerp became an extremely important trade entrept (transshipment port), through which, for example, goods from the Baltic, spices from the east and Italian silks were exchanged for English cloth. [citation needed], In 1502, Henry VII's life took a difficult and personal turn in which many people he was close to died in quick succession. [49] The confused, fractious nature of Breton politics undermined his efforts, which finally failed after three sizeable expeditions, at a cost of 24,000. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. [24][17][25] He was 29 years old, she was 20. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. Henry was also worried by the treason of Edmund de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, the eldest surviving son of Edward IVs sister Elizabeth, who fled to the Netherlands (1499) and was supported by Maximilian. Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry. Anne Boleyn | Biography, Children, Portrait, Death, & Facts - Britannica [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. The king's own death seven years later had to be kept secret until his nervous entourage had ensured the succession. This revived an earlier practice of using a small (and trusted) group of the Privy Council as a personal or Prerogative Court, able to cut through the cumbersome legal system and act swiftly. Before Henry VIII, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or "Your Highness.". Thank you for subscribing. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. [74] Margaret Tudor wrote letters to her father declaring her homesickness, but Henry could do nothing but mourn the loss of his family and honour the terms of the peace treaty he had agreed to with the King of Scotland. Here is a rundown of the programme for those who missed it. [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". Henry gained the support of the Woodvilles, in-laws of the late Edward IV, and sailed with a small French and Scottish force, landing at Mill Bay near Dale, Pembrokeshire. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. My obsession is European history from the 12th through 17th centuries - especially British history - so of course, when I was offered the chance to review this book, my interest was piqued immediately. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. Famed British author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. MP3 CD. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's reign [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. : (April 25, 1883. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until her death on February 11th, 1503. [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. Many of the entries show a man who loosened his purse strings generously for his wife and children, and not just on necessities: in spring 1491 he spent a great amount of gold on a lute for his daughter Mary; the following year he spent money on a lion for Elizabeth's menagerie. Updates? Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. Raised in France, admiring of Italian-trained lawyers (and reaping the reward of the return of a whole generation of educated English commoners who sat out the War of the Roses abroad), with good taste in Renaissance art and advised by his gracious wife and steely mother, Henry VII is a major figure, not a prequel. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". For example, they could replace suspect jurors in accordance with the 1495 act preventing the corruption of juries. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. Henry was devastated. [18] He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. Henry himself was clearly a distant figure who governed through his ministers, but this means that it's quite hard to get much of a sense of his character from the few sources available. This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. For instance, except for the first few months of the reign, the Baron Dynham and the Earl of Surrey were the only Lord High Treasurers throughout his reign. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. Life at court was merry under Henry 8th, a fresh new beginning likened to springtime. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. His younger brother, Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke, undertook to protect Edmund's widow Margaret, who was 13 years old when she gave birth to Henry. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. Get help and learn more about the design. Though this was not achieved during his reign, the marriage eventually led to the union of the English and Scottish crowns under Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, following the death of Henry's granddaughter Elizabeth I. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). After the Holy Roman Emperor . [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. [citation needed], By 1509, justices of the peace were key enforcers of law and order for Henry VII. [citation needed], However, his principal weapon was the Court of Star Chamber. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke. [20] He amassed an army of about 5,0006,000 soldiers. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. He was, said Penn, a man who never knew a moments peace during his reign. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon.
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