By contrast, the Protestant populations of eastern France, in Alsace, Moselle, and Montbliard, were mainly Lutherans. Huguenot was frequently used in reference to those of the Reformed Church of France from the time of the Protestant Reformation. He died on 6 May 2001, in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, at the age of 70, and was buried in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Page 449. The cities of Bourges, Montauban and Orlans saw substantial activity in this regard. Gt. What is clear is that the surname, Jaques, is a Huguenot name. This surname is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified Huguenot ancestors and also in the similar register of the Huguenot Society of America. [65] Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cvennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day. Are you a descendant of a Huguenot Family? After centuries, most Huguenots have assimilated into the various societies and cultures where they settled. See our Huguenot Surname Cross Surname and Variations -- Christian Name Ag / Agee / Oage -- Matthieu Allaire -- Alexandre Alle / Alley / Alie / Alyer / d'Ailly -- Nicolas The Huguenots. Today, there are some Reformed communities around the world that still retain their Huguenot identity. Huguenot exiles in the United Kingdom, the United States, South Africa, Australia, and a number of other countries still retain their identity.[20][21]. [74] Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbour at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighbourhood now known as Bushwick. While people don't usually think of German and Dutch people as having Iberian DNA, as many as 18% of the population of Western Europe shows Iberian DNA, and the Netherlands and Germany fall . During the second wave, before and after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, refugees came mostly from the Dauphin, Cvennes and Languedoc regions; the major route of exodus was the passage from Lake Geneva to the Rhine River. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenots including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk, England, Pierre Bacot of Touraine France, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. A large monument to commemorate the arrival of the Huguenots in South Africa was inaugurated on 7 April 1948 at Franschhoek. By 17 September, almost 25,000 Protestants had been massacred in Paris alone. Some disagree with such double or triple non-French linguistic origins. Huguenot refugees also settled in the Delaware River Valley of Eastern Pennsylvania and Hunterdon County, New Jersey in 1725. The exodus brought new crafts and practices to the host nations and represented a substantial loss to the former nation states. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). A rural Huguenot community in the Cevennes that rebelled in 1702 is still being called Camisards, especially in historical contexts. They were determined to end religious oppression. Page 166. While the Huguenot population was at one time fairly large, these names are not now common though they are still seen in some street names and Joyce D. Goodfriend, "The social dimensions of congregational life in colonial New York city". Jean Cauvin (John Calvin), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism. It is now an official symbol of the glise des Protestants rforms (French Protestant church). Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard des Moulins. Raymond P. Hylton, "The Huguenot Settlement at Portarlington, C. E. J. Caldicott, Hugh Gough, Jean-Paul Pittion (1987), Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, gathered in each other's houses to study secretly, Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde, George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lneburg, George Lunt, "Huguenot The origin and meaning of the name", "The National Huguenot Society - Who Were the Huguenots? Wittrock (= a German surname) Grz. The Portuguese threatened their Protestant prisoners with death if they did not convert to Roman Catholicism. Then he imposed penalties, closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favoured professions. Genealogical Publishing Company, Published: 1885, Reprinted: 1998. They are Franschhoek in the Cape Province of South Africa, Portarlington in the Republic of Ireland, and Bad Karlshafen in Hesse, Germany. In Geneva, Hugues, though Catholic, was a leader of the "Confederate Party", so called because it favoured independence from the Duke of Savoy. Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. Several prominent German military, cultural and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including the poet Theodor Fontane,[120] General Hermann von Franois,[121] the hero of the First World War's Battle of Tannenberg, Luftwaffe general and fighter ace Adolf Galland,[122] the Luftwaffe flying ace Hans-Joachim Marseille and the famed U-boat Captains Lothar von Arnauld de la Perire and Wilhelm Souchon. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The ancestral listing on our website is an "open listing" which means it is periodically updated from time to time as new information becomes available. And yet another fact hard to deny is that the Huguenot French component seems to have persevered to a greater extent culturally than the German. ", Lien Bich Luu, "French-speaking refugees and the foundation of the London silk industry in the 16th century. The house derives its name from a weaving school which was moved there in the last years of the 19th century, reviving an earlier use.) By then, most Protestants were Cvennes peasants. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (r.16491688), granted them special privileges (Edict of Potsdam of 1685) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde and the French Cathedral, Berlin). [45] The Michelade by Huguenotes against Catholics was later on 29 September 1567. Surnames found in Ireland which date to time in the 16th and 17th centuries when French Huguenots or German Palatines fleeing religious persecution in their home countries came to Ireland. The Huguenots were French Calvinists, active mostly in the sixteenth century. Peace terms called for the dismantling of the city's fortifications. English: topographic name for someone who lived by a grove or thicket from Middle English grove Old English grf or a habitational name from any of various places so named. The Dutch as part of New Amsterdam later claimed this land, along with New York and the rest of New Jersey. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 9 Full view - 1908. . The collection includes family histories, a library, and a picture archive. The most detailed account that Historic Huguenot Street has of an enslaved person's life in the area comes from the early 19th century, from the famed abolitionist Sojourner Truth, who was born into slavery in Ulster County. Huguenot immigrants settled throughout pre-colonial America, including in New Amsterdam (New York City), some 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and some further upstate in New Paltz. During the eighteen months of the reign of Francis II, Mary encouraged a policy of rounding up French Huguenots on charges of heresy and putting them in front of Catholic judges, and employing torture and burning as punishments for dissenters. The Huguenot Society of America maintains the Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as a historic shrine with occasional services. The practice has continued to the present day. some French members of the largely German, Four-term Republican United States Representative. Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Wrttemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatine Zweibrcken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. The first Mennonite immigrants bearing this name came to PA in the first half of the 18th century. Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. ), Swiss political leader) of dialectal eyguenot, from German dialectal Eidgenosse, confederate, from Middle High German eitgenz : eit . Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry. A fort, named Fort Coligny, was built to protect them from attack from the Portuguese troops and Brazilian natives. These were especially poor wretches living in desperate circumstances or mercenaries who had been unemployed since the end of the 30 years war. gt I began Genealogy 35 years ago. "The Secret War of Elizabeth I: England and the Huguenots during the early Wars of Religion, 1562-77. [28] They were suppressed by Francis I in 1545 in the Massacre of Mrindol. The first Huguenots arrived as early as 1671, when the first Huguenot refugee, Francois Villion (later Viljoen), arrived at the Cape. It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. Several French Protestant churches are descended from or tied to the Huguenots, including: Criticism and conflict with the Catholic Church, Right of return to France in the 19th and 20th centuries, The Huguenot Population of France, 1600-1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority by Philip Benedict; American Philosophical Society, 1991 - 164, The Huguenots: Or, Reformed French Church. Peter married into a family of physicians and had a son Peter jnr. [68] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. The Huguenot Society of America has headquarters in New York City and has a broad national membership. [citation needed], In World War II, Huguenots led by Andr Trocm in the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in Cvennes helped save many Jews. . Huguenot legacy persists both in France and abroad. The French Huguenot Church of Charleston, which remains independent, is the oldest continuously active Huguenot congregation in the United States. Examples of Huguenot surnames are: Agombar, Beauchamp, Bosanquet, Boucher/Bouchar, Bruneau, Chapeau, Deschamps, Dupont, Du Preez/Pree, Lamerie, Lepage, Martin, Rondeaux, Vernier and Vincent. By 1692, a total of 201 French Huguenots had settled at the Cape of Good Hope. huguenotstreet.org is ranked #2002 in the Hobbies and Leisure > Ancestry and Genealogy category and #7843378 Globally according to January 2023 data. Bernard James Whalen was born on 25 April 1931, in Shullsburg, Lafayette, Wisconsin, United States. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 12 . [84] This was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to c.2million at that time. Early ties were already visible in the Apologie of William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers. Many families, today, mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. gt. The church was eventually replaced by a third, Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church, which contains heirlooms including the original bell from the French Huguenot Church Eglise du St. Esperit on Pine Street in New York City, which is preserved as a relic in the tower room. The English authorities welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. I.". The Huguenots were French Protestants who were members of the Calvinist Reformed Church that was established in 1550. Andr Trocm preached against discrimination as the Nazis were gaining power in neighbouring Germany and urged his Protestant Huguenot congregation to hide Jewish refugees from the Holocaust. Updated on January 12, 2018. [42][43], The French Wars of Religion began with the Massacre of Vassy on 1 March 1562, when dozens[8] (some sources say hundreds[44]) of Huguenots were killed, and about 200 were wounded. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu Home Menndez' forces routed the French and executed most of the Protestant captives. A peace treaty was arranged in 1658, and the Dutch returned", "444 Years: The Massacre of the Huguenot Christians in America", "Huguenots of Spitalfields heritage tours & events in Spitalfields Huguenot Public Art Trust", "Eglise Protestante Franaise de Londres", "The Huguenot Chapel (Black Prince's Chantry)", "The Strangers who enriched Norwich and Norfolk life", "The strangers and the canaries - Football Welcomes 2018", "Paths to Pluralism: South Africa's Early History", Huguenot Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Mitterrand's Apology to the Huguenots (in French). [81] In colonial New York city they switched from French to English or Dutch by 1730.[82]. But the light of the Gospel has made them vanish, and teaches us that these spirits were street-strollers and ruffians. The Prinsenhof is one of the 14 active Walloon churches of the Dutch Reformed Church (now of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands). There have been many migrations in Europe since the Middle . The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. The Huguenots were led by Jeanne d'Albret; her son, the future Henry IV (who would later convert to Catholicism in order to become king); and the princes of Cond. [citation needed], Louis XIV inherited the throne in 1643 and acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. [59], By the 1760s Protestantism was no longer a favourite religion of the elite. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills. By 1600, it had declined to 78%,[citation needed] and was reduced further late in the century after the return of persecution under Louis XIV, who instituted the dragonnades to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685. The official policy of the Dutch East India governors was to integrate the Huguenot and the Dutch communities. [112] Significant Huguenot settlements were in Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal. Like other religious reformers of the time, Huguenots felt that the Catholic Church needed a radical cleansing of its impurities, and that the Pope represented a worldly kingdom, which sat in mocking tyranny over the things of God, and was ultimately doomed. The surname Martin of French origin (see 1 above) is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified . L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit in New York, founded in 1628, is older, but it left the French Reformed movement in 1804 to become part of the Episcopal Church. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. The Conds established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled on a small island. Kathy is a member of the Huguenot Society. [22] A few families went to Orthodox Russia and Catholic Quebec. But in the reign of William and Mary, the largest number of foreign refugees were Naturalized in these countries, from 1689 to the 3rd July, 1701.